9. Sistema fonológico de la lengua inglesa III: acento, ritmo y entonación

 9. English phonological system. Stress, rhythm and intonation. Comparison with Spanish

ESSENTIAL INFORMATION TO DEVELOP

Stages of Speech (Gimson)

1. Psychological
2. Physiological
3. Physical/Acoustic

Speech Organs

• Pathway
• Articulators
• Vowels
• Consonants

Prosodic Elements

• Stress, Rhythm, Intonation: Properties of syllables and larger speech units.

Stress

• Definition: Emphasis on syllables/words.
• Types:
  • Primary: Most prominent stress.
  • Secondary: Less prominent stress.
  • Unstressed: Reduced intensity.
• Sentence Stress: Emphasizes important words (nouns, verbs) and reduces function words (auxiliaries, prepositions).

Rhythm

• English
• Spanish
• Isochrony

Intonation

• Patterns (O'Connor & Arnold, 1973)
• Types

Differences with Spanish

• Stress
• Rhythm
• Intonation
• Weak Forms

KEY CONCEPTS/TERMS/AUTHORS

• Phonetics: Study of speech sounds.
• Phonology: Study of sound patterns.
• Stress, Rhythm, Intonation: Elements affecting prominence in speech.
• Prosody: Rhythm, stress, and intonation.
• Isochrony: Timing intervals in stress-timed/syllable-timed languages.
• Tonic Syllable/Nucleus: Most prominent syllable in utterance.

AUTHORS

• A. C. Gimson: Pronunciation of English.
• J. D. O'Connor & G. Arnold: Intonation patterns.
• Daniel Jones: Phonetics.
• David Crystal: Prosodic systems.

ESSENTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Halliday, M. A. K. (1967). Intonation and Grammar in British English.
• Jones, D. (1967). An Outline of English Phonetics.
• Kelly, G. (2000). How to Teach Pronunciation.
• O'Connor, J. D., & Arnold, G. (1973). Intonation of Colloquial English. Longman.
• Crystal, D. (1969). Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English. Cambridge University Press.

Recuerda que tienes dos libros imprescindibles para preparar la oposición de secundaria de inglés, específicos para la parte del desarrollo del tema (La receta del tema perfecto) y la del ejercicio práctico (1,2,3 ¡Practica otra vez! ).