63. Las instituciones británicas. Las Cámaras parlamentarias. El Gobierno. Los partidos políticos y el sistema electoral. La Corona.

63. British Institutions: The Parliament, Political Parties, Electoral System, and the Crown

ESSENTIAL POINTS TO DEVELOP & CONCEPTS/TERMS

Definition of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy,

Main Institutions: Parliament, House of Commons, House of Lords and Government.

BRITISH PARLIAMENT

The British Parliament, also known as the Houses of Parliament, is located in Westminster. It is one of the oldest parliamentary institutions, tracing its origins back to the councils of the 12th century.

Monarch:

• Current Monarch: Charles III (House of Windsor) and royal family tree
• Functions

Bicameral System:

• House of Lords: composition and functions
• House of Commons: composition and functions

Other Important Elements:

• The Speaker
• The Serjeant at Arms
• Clerk of Legislation
• Chief Whips

Parliament's Daily Operations:

• Meetings
• Question Time
• Public Access

GOVERNMENT

Prime Minister:

• Current and last PMs (political parties and milestones/achievements) 
• Functions

Cabinet:

• Composed of senior ministers (Secretaries of State)
• Cabinet Committees: Select and Standing

ELECTORAL SYSTEM

Elections:

• Held every five years.
• Suffrage: Universal adult suffrage (since 1928).
• System (First-past-the-post)
• Parties
• Significant referendums

POLITICAL PARTIES

Major Parties:

• Conservative (Tories): Right-wing.
• Labour: Left-wing.
• Liberal Democrats: Center.
• Other Parties: Scottish National Party (SNP), Plaid Cymru (Wales), Sinn Féin (Northern Ireland), Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), Green Party, Reform UK 

THE CROWN

Role and Functions:

• Head of State
• Constitutional Duties

Historical Acts:

• Act of Settlement (1701)
• Regency Acts (1937-1953)

ESSENTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Bromhead, Peter. "Life in Modern Britain." 1962.
• Rogers, and Walters. "How Parliament Works." 2015.
• Ewing, K.D. "Constitutional and Administrative Law." 2007.
• "Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture." 1992.
• Morgan, K. "Oxford History of Britain." 1993.

    Webgraphy: https://www.parliament.uk/

ENTRADA RELACIONADA:

- Nuevo primer ministro y tema 63

Recuerda que tienes dos libros imprescindibles para preparar la oposición de secundaria de inglés, específicos para la parte del desarrollo del tema (La receta del tema perfecto) y la del ejercicio práctico (1,2,3 ¡Practica otra vez! ).